{"id":1428,"date":"2019-06-18T17:18:46","date_gmt":"2019-06-18T15:18:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admiravision.es\/dia-mundial-del-transplantament-dorgans-el-transplantament-de-cornia\/"},"modified":"2019-06-18T17:18:46","modified_gmt":"2019-06-18T15:18:46","slug":"dia-mundial-del-transplantament-dorgans-el-transplantament-de-cornia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/admiravision.es\/ca\/dia-mundial-del-transplantament-dorgans-el-transplantament-de-cornia\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00eda Mundial del Transplantament d&#8217;\u00d2rgans: El transplantament de c\u00f2rnia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cada 27 de febrer es commemora del Dia Mundial del Transplantament d&#8217;\u00d2rgans. En el cas de la vista, el m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent i exit\u00f3s \u00e9s el transplantament de c\u00f2rnia.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1034\" src=\"https:\/\/admiravision.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/20160301-dia-internacional-trasplante-organos8693061109990824866.jpg\" alt=\"El trasplante de c\u00f3rnea\" width=\"298\" height=\"223\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Des de temps immemorials, la comunitat m\u00e8dica ha experimentat amb diferents t\u00e8cniques de trasplantament d&#8217;\u00f2rgans i parts del cos amb molts fracassos deguts al desconeixement de mesures de profilaxi infecciosa, de compatibilitat de teixits, d&#8217;evitar el rebuig, etc &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>En 1905, a Olomouc -actual Rep\u00fablica Txeca-, el doctor Eduard Zirm (1863-1944) va aconseguir trasplantar la c\u00f2rnia d&#8217;un nen d&#8217;onze anys a un treballador cec que s&#8217;havia cremat amb cal\u00e7 viva, i qui va recuperar la vista en q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de hores. Des de llavors fins avui l&#8217;avan\u00e7 ha estat notable i s&#8217;espera obtenir m\u00e9s \u00e8xits cada dia, gr\u00e0cies a la donaci\u00f3 altruista de moltes persones que han ent\u00e8s que donar \u00e9s donar una segona oportunitat a la vida.<\/p>\n<h2>En qu\u00e8 consisteix el trasplantament de c\u00f2rnia?<\/h2>\n<p>La c\u00f2rnia \u00e9s un teixit transparent situat a la part anterior de l&#8217;ull que actua com una lent enfocant les imatges i com un cristall protegint a les estructures oculars internes. Qualsevol alteraci\u00f3 en la seva forma, transpar\u00e8ncia o gruix pot ajustar el seu paper protector i refractiu afectant la visi\u00f3, fins i tot de forma molt severa. En aquests casos el trasplantament corneal pot ser el tractament necessari que consisteix a reempla\u00e7ar el teixit corneal malalt per teixit sa obtingut d&#8217;un donant mort.<\/p>\n<p>En la quarta d\u00e8cada del segle XIX es van dur a terme les primeres cirurgies de trasplantament corneal en humans amb c\u00f2rnies donants d&#8217;animals, i no va ser fins a principis del segle XX quan va sorgir la idea d&#8217;usar c\u00f2rnies de donants humans utilitzant m\u00e8todes de conservaci\u00f3. A Espanya el primer trasplantament de c\u00f2rnia amb \u00e8xit el va realitzar Ramon Castroviejo el 1936 en un cas de queratocon (c\u00f2rnia en forma de con) avan\u00e7at i ell tamb\u00e9 va introduir en concepte de Banc d&#8217;Ulls al nostre pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n<p>El trasplantament de c\u00f2rnia \u00e9s el trasplantament de teixit m\u00e9s practicat al m\u00f3n, a Espanya des dels \u00faltims 25 anys s&#8217;han dut a terme m\u00e9s de 60.000 trasplantaments de c\u00f2rnia.<\/p>\n<p>El trasplantament de c\u00f2rnia \u00e9s un tractament indicat en aquells casos que la visi\u00f3 est\u00e0 afectada per una alteraci\u00f3 a nivell de la transpar\u00e8ncia, forma o gruix corneal. Patologies que afecten la transpar\u00e8ncia serien totes aquelles que provoquin una cicatriu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>infeccions corneals (queratitis infeccioses bacterianes, v\u00edriques o f\u00fangiques)<\/li>\n<li>inflamacions corneals (queratitis immunol\u00f2giques)<\/li>\n<li>traumatismes<\/li>\n<li>toxicitat farmacol\u00f2gica o malalties gen\u00e8tiques amb opacitats corneals (distr\u00f2fies).<\/li>\n<li>la forma corneal es pot veure compromesa en malalties que cursen amb alteracions de l&#8217;arquitectura (queratocon, degeneraci\u00f3 marginal pel\u00b7l\u00facida), despr\u00e9s de traumatismes o despr\u00e9s de diferents cirurgies.<\/li>\n<li>el gruix dismunuye en casos d&#8217;\u00falceres corneals independentment del seu origen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>El terme\u00a0<strong>queratopl\u00e0stia penetrant<\/strong>\u00a0fa refer\u00e8ncia a la t\u00e8cnica tradicional de substituci\u00f3 del gruix total d&#8217;una porci\u00f3 de la c\u00f2rnia, de l&#8217;endoteli a l&#8217;epiteli, per un empelt donant sa.<\/p>\n<p>Els aven\u00e7os m\u00e8dics i t\u00e8cnics han perm\u00e8s que, des dels seus inicis als anys 60, actualment sigui possible reempla\u00e7ar nom\u00e9s una capa, interna o externa, de la c\u00f2rnia denominant\u00a0<strong>queratopl\u00e0stia lamel\u00b7lar<\/strong>. Aquestes t\u00e8cniques cada vegada m\u00e9s sofisticades de reempla\u00e7ament parcial tenen diversos avantatges: menor agressivitat quir\u00fargica, adaptaci\u00f3 del teixit m\u00e9s simple i menys risc de rebuig immunol\u00f2gic. En alguns casos, el teixit que es trasplanta s&#8217;introdueix a l&#8217;ull per una incisi\u00f3 m\u00e9s petita, el que repercuteix en una major comoditat per al pacient, una major resist\u00e8ncia del globus ocular i una reducci\u00f3 important del per\u00edode de recuperaci\u00f3 de la visi\u00f3. Tot i que hi hagi menys complicacions i que els pacients es recuperin m\u00e9s r\u00e0pidament, els casos amb lesions que afecten diverses capes de la c\u00f2rnia segueixen necessitant un trasplantament complet, una t\u00e8cnica que segueix sent molt emprada i amb bons resultats.<\/p>\n<p>En general, es tracta d&#8217;una cirurgia amb bon pron\u00f2stic, l&#8217;abs\u00e8ncia de vasos sanguinis i limf\u00e0tics a la c\u00f2rnia limita el contacte entre la sang i el teixit trasplantat fent que el cos hum\u00e0 ho accepti f\u00e0cilment. Tot i aix\u00ed si hi ha cert risc de rebuig o frac\u00e0s final que ve condicionat per l&#8217;estat immunol\u00f2gic de cada pacient, una t\u00e8cnica quir\u00fargica inadequada, un mal cura postoperatori per part del pacient, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Les c\u00f2rnies que s&#8217;utilitzen en els trasplantaments procedeixen de persones que han decidit donar-quan arribi l&#8217;hora de la seva mort. Amb els aven\u00e7os m\u00e8dics en aquesta \u00e0rea, la c\u00f2rnia \u00e9s trasplantable fins i tot havent passat hores de la mort del donant. A m\u00e9s, es poden emmagatzemar diversos dies per a la seva posterior implantaci\u00f3 en els Bancs d&#8217;Ulls locals. En les donacions de teixits les c\u00f2rnies s\u00f3n els que tenen m\u00e9s acceptaci\u00f3, l&#8217;aparici\u00f3 de negacions solen reflectir desconeixement del proc\u00e9s que es fa de manera r\u00e0pida i amb el m\u00e0xim respecte.<\/p>\n<p>El nostre grup compta amb una dilatada experi\u00e8ncia en aquest tipus de t\u00e8cniques i amb professionals experts en les mateixes, com la Dra. Zoraida Del Campo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cada 27 de febrer es commemora del Dia Mundial del Transplantament d&#8217;\u00d2rgans. En el cas de la vista, el m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent i exit\u00f3s \u00e9s el transplantament de c\u00f2rnia. Des de&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1037,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1428","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualitat-admira-vision"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>D\u00eda Mundial del Transplantament d&#039;\u00d2rgans: El transplantament de c\u00f2rnia - Admiravisi\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cada 27 de febrer es commemora del Dia Mundial del Transplantament d&#039;\u00d2rgans. 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