{"id":5841,"date":"2020-11-23T13:46:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-23T12:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admiravision.es\/malalties-oculars-parasitaries\/"},"modified":"2022-01-14T12:36:08","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T11:36:08","slug":"malalties-oculars-parasitaries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/admiravision.es\/ca\/malalties-oculars-parasitaries\/","title":{"rendered":"Malalties oculars parasit\u00e0ries"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"text\">\n<p>Les infeccions parasit\u00e0ries poden danyar diversos teixits oculars, el que causa disfunci\u00f3 visual. El 1950, Wilder va descriure el primer cas en qu\u00e8 les formes larv\u00e0ries de nematodes intestinals (nematodal Ascaridoidea: Ascaris, Toxocara, Ancylostoma, Necator, i Strongyloides) es consideron com la causa de la malaltia intraocular. Aquesta revisi\u00f3 se centra en dos dels trastorns associats amb les infeccions parasit\u00e0ries: toxocariasi ocular i neuroretinitis difusa unilateral subaguda (DUSN).<\/p>\n<h2>Toxocariasis ocular y la reuroretinitis<\/h2>\n<p>Encara que la toxocariasi ocular i la reuroretinitis difusa unilateral subaguda no es troben \u00e0mpliament distribu\u00efdes per tot el m\u00f3n, creiem que \u00e9s de gran valor per l&#8217;oftalm\u00f2leg general l&#8217;estar familiaritzat amb les seves diferents presentacions, a causa del pobre pron\u00f2stic visual que comporten.<\/p>\n<p>A l&#8217;article complet, consutable en format PDF al final d&#8217;aquest resum, es tracta sobre el diagn\u00f2stic d&#8217;aquestes malalties oculars parasit\u00e0ries i sobre el seu tractament.<\/p>\n<h3>Toxocariasi ocular<\/h3>\n<p>La infecci\u00f3 humana per Toxocara, un nematode com\u00fa que infecta als gossos i gats, poden prendre una de dues formes: larva migrans visceral i ocular toxocariasi. Les caracter\u00edstiques de la infecci\u00f3 dependran del nombre de par\u00e0sits, el lloc de la infecci\u00f3, el comportament migratori i de la resposta del sistema immunol\u00f2gic.<\/p>\n<p>La larva migrans visceral es caracteritza per la participaci\u00f3 sist\u00e8mica generalitzada, a causa de les capacitats de migraci\u00f3 de les larves de la segona etapa de Toxocara canis. T\u00edpicament es presenta en els nens d&#8217;entre 6 mesos i 5 anys. La malaltia \u00e9s generalment autolimitada i subcl\u00ednica, per\u00f2, la febre, manifestacions pulmonars, hepatomeg\u00e0lia, eosinof\u00edlia, pal \u00b7 lidesa, irritabilitat, anor\u00e8xia i malestar general poden oc\u00f3rrer.<\/p>\n<p>D&#8217;altra banda, la toxocariasi ocular apareix en pacients de major edat, amb una edat mitjana de 7,5 a 8,6 anys. Diversos estudis han revelat Toxocara i altres larves migrans visceral com la causa de la inflamaci\u00f3 intraocular en el 9,4% de les uve\u00eftis pedi\u00e0triques.<\/p>\n<h3>Neuroretinitis difusa unilateral subaguda<\/h3>\n<p>DUSN va ser descrit per primera vegada per Gass et al. i Gass i Scelfo el 1978. Ells van descriure 29 pacients entre les edats de 5 i 22 anys amb p\u00e8rdua severa de visi\u00f3 en un ull, vitritis, papilitis lleu, i brots recurrents de evanescents, de color blanc grisenc lesions que afecten la retina externa i l&#8217;epiteli pigmentari. Aquestes lesions solen ser seguides per la p\u00e8rdua progressiva del camp visual, atr\u00f2fia \u00f2ptica, estrenyiment dels vasos principals de la retina, despigmentaci\u00f3 difusa i focal de l&#8217;epiteli pigmentari de la retina a trav\u00e9s del fons d&#8217;ull, i una moderada a marcada reducci\u00f3 de la amplitud de l&#8217;ona b en l&#8217;electrorretinograma multifocal. Anteriorment, aquesta condici\u00f3 es denominava &#8220;s\u00edndrome de wipe-out unilateral&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>DUSN \u00e9s m\u00e9s prevalent al sud-est dels Estats Units i el Carib, encara que han estat reportats alguns casos en molts sectors dels Estats Units, Canad\u00e0, la part nord d&#8217;Am\u00e8rica del Sud, Europa i Xina.<\/p>\n<p>Als Estats Units, DUSN \u00e9s causada probablement per almenys dos nematodes diferents. La m\u00e9s petita, Ancylostoma caninum, fa entre 400 i 1.000 m de longitud i t\u00e9 un di\u00e0metre d&#8217;aproximadament una vintena part de la seva longitud. Es troba principalment al sud-est dels Estats Units, el Carib i la part nord de Sud Am\u00e8rica. Un nematode m\u00e9s gran, Baylisascaris procyonis, fa entre 1.500 i 2.000 m de llarg i \u00e9s responsable de DUSN al nord dels Estats-Units del Mitj\u00e0 Oest i en algunes parts de Brazil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"reference-wrap\">\n<p><strong><span class=\"reference\">Font:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rafael T. Cortez, MD; Gema Ramirez, MD; Lucienne Collet, MD; Gian Paolo Giuliari, MD<\/p>\n<p><strong>Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology &amp; Strabismus \u2022 Vol. xx, No. x, 20XX<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les infeccions parasit\u00e0ries poden danyar diversos teixits oculars, el que causa disfunci\u00f3 visual. El 1950, Wilder va descriure el primer cas en qu\u00e8 les formes larv\u00e0ries de nematodes intestinals (nematodal&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5962,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[456],"tags":[463,462],"class_list":{"0":"post-5841","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles-especialitzats","8":"tag-reuroretinitis-ca","9":"tag-toxocariasis-ca"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Malalties oculars parasitaries | Admiravisi\u00f3n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Malalties oculars parasitaries. 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